Modern concepts in understanding and management of the "dry socket" syndrome: comprehensive review of the literature.

OBJECTIVES This paper provides a comprehensive review of the etiology, pathophysiology and current treatment of dry socket. STUDY DESIGN The Medline database (Ovid version) from 1966 to 2007 was searched for the term "dry socket" published in the English language, and 317 results were obtained. The articles were screened by abstract for relevance to etiology, pathophysiology, or treatment of dry socket. Treatment papers were ranked on the quality of evidence presented as assessed using the evidence-based systematic review worksheet of the University of Alberta. A total of 62 publications were included in the final review. RESULTS Prevention methods remain the key to avoiding this complication. Prophylactic placement of topical antibiotics can be considered, whereas systemic antibiotics should be reserved for patients who are immunocompromised. CONCLUSION This paper provided a comprehensive review of the etiology, pathophysiology, and current treatment of dry socket in dental practice.